One of the major parts of protozoa is devoted to single-celled microorganisms, and considers human protozoan parasites as one of the existential forms of organisms.
From the point of view of medical parasitology, the study of the ways and causes of diseases, their symptoms (one of the isolated signs, the frequent manifestation of the disease, the pathological condition or any abnormal disturbance). any life process) and treatments, protozoa occupy a leading position. This was followed by an anthelmintic test aimed at eliminating helminthic infestations and the arachnoid implantation method - systematic methods in medicine for the elimination of arthropod parasites.
The animal kingdom is richly represented by single-celled microorganisms that live everywhere - from the bottom of the sea to the upper layers of the atmosphere. They all belong to the suborder protozoa, or protozoa, there are more than 15 thousand representatives of single-celled organisms.
Among the free-living protozoan species, there are parasitic forms that fall into a separate category that cause a number of serious diseases - protozoonoses and their respective symptoms, says a senior researcher at the medical center. them, said a senior researcher at the medical center.
The simplest there are several dozen species of parasites that live on the human body. Amoeba colonizes the intestinal tract, causing the symptoms (one of the isolated, frequent manifestations of any disease, pathological condition or disorder of any life process) amoeba. If this is a form of the parasite that causes dysentery, then it stimulates the development of dysentery, as well as Giardia, which causes giardia. The soft tissues of internal organs can be affected by Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, causing unpleasant symptoms of toxoplasmosis, which require specific treatment.
Structure of a single-celled organism
A microbial organism is just one cell, consisting of a nucleus and cytoplasm. It is lined with a cytoplasmic membrane containing organelles - the endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus and mitochondria. All of them provide for the processes of nutrition, respiration, locomotion, metabolism and excretion.
The body of a unicellular organism has a constant and mutable shape (can mean: the shape of the object - the relative position of the boundaries (contours) of the object, object, as well as the relative positions of the points of the line). Some representatives of protozoa have a symmetrical body, and some have an asymmetrical body form. The representatives of the flagellate parasite have an appearance that resembles a rotating shaft. Rhizome of the form (can mean: the shape of the object - the mutual arrangement of the boundaries (contours) of the object, the object, as well as the relative position of the points of the line)no body. at all.
Cells divide by simple mitosis, but in some species, during reproduction, fertilization takes place sexually with the formation of a zygote. Almost all the simplest organisms are heterotrophs, but among them are autotrophic unicellular parasites.
Motor function is produced in the amoeba by pseudocysts, which appear to spill out, expelling the pseudo-tissue. The sex organs move due to the often shortened cilia that cover their body greatly. The flagellar movement is caused by the movement of the flagellates themselves, from which they get their modest name.
Amoeba feeding also involves pseudopodia, coating food with pseudopodia and absorbing it. Some form of portable oral feeding. Digestion is carried out by phagocytosis - an internal process, as well as by pinocytosis - the process of absorbing food from the outside by the entire surface of the body.
The main feature of protozoa at the onset of adverse conditions is the formation of cysts. The process of cyst formation for amoebae dysentery is unique. It allows the parasite (\one of a kind of coexisting organism) to maintain its viability during prolonged infection.
The main classes of protozoan parasites (one of the living patterns of organisms together)
Representatives of a single-celled organism (a living organism having a set of properties that distinguish it from inanimate matter, including its metabolism, self-sustaining structure and organization, and the ability to regenerate). create them) are classified into four main classes:
Class Sarcode
The ironic class includes one of the most common protozoan parasites, dangerous to humans - amoeba dysentery, which exists in 4 different forms:
- The vegetative form is the largest, reaching 20 microns in size. Finding a parasite in freshly passed stool confirms a disappointing diagnosis, the symptoms of which speak for themselves.
- Tissue, or pathogenic form of the parasite, lives in the colonic lumen. The amoeba defeat of the intestinal mucosa is specifically induced.
- Translucent, or primary form of dysentery amoebae, lives in the lumen of the large intestine. This form causes the symptoms that are characteristic of this disease. They are observed during the patient's remission or during the transport phase. In feces of any nature, the presence of parasites is not established.
- The protozoan form of amoeba is immobilized in semiformed feces of carriers or in convalescent patients.
The main symptoms of the disease caused by amoeba are manifested by frequent sharp pain in the lower abdomen, frequent bowel movements that are brown with blood and streaky stools. Body temperature remains within normal limits. A similar picture can accompany the patient periodically for several years and lead to exhaustion, as well as the development of anemia. With complications caused by tissue amoeba, without appropriate treatment, the patient can die.
Class flagella, or flagellate
A characteristic feature is to equip the body with the simplest motor organs - one or more whips. The microorganisms that cause widespread disease in this class are:
- trypanosomes, causing sleeping sickness in Africa;
- leshmania causes urban or rural leishmaniasis;
- trichomonas - the causative agent of trichomoniasis, mainly in the vaginal form;
- Giardia is a protozoan that causes giardiasis.
class of the sporozoans
Typical representatives of sporozoans are plasmodium malaria, which causes the symptoms of valariasis, and toxoplasma, which causes noxoplasmosis.
ciliate class
For microorganisms of this class, a characteristic feature is the presence of cilia throughout the microbial body. They perform a motor function, thanks to which cells are able to move rapidly. The representative of the class is balantidia - the largest human parasite of the family of protozoa. Causes severe and severe toxocariasis against the background of an ulcerative process. The disease progresses to an acute subclinical form and can be fatal.